Article 90 of the 1982 Constitution does not contain any provision stating that “international treaties are superior to the Constitution”; it only grants **superiority** over ordinary laws to certain treaties in specific situations.The provision that regulates the precedence of international treaties over laws in the event of a conflict is the last paragraph of Article 90 of the 1982 Constitution.In summary, the last paragraph of Article 90 provides that:- International agreements duly put into effect have the force of law.- “In the case of a conflict between international agreements, duly put into effect, concerning fundamental rights and freedoms and the laws due to differences in provisions on the same matter, the provisions of international agreements shall prevail.”Therefore, there is no rule saying “international treaties are superior to the Constitution”; the Constitution only elevates international agreements concerning fundamental rights and freedoms above ordinary laws.UNESCO’s decisions as such do not automatically fall into this category. Only those UNESCO conventions (for example, the World Heritage Convention) that Turkey has duly signed, ratified, and put into effect count as “international agreements” in the sense of Article 90 and are treated as having the force of law. Internal decisions or individual status grants (such as recognizing three individuals and a family, or special statuses given by the Security Council or the Vatican) do not by themselves become superior to the Constitution or automatically gain the same rank as Turkish laws without being transformed into domestic law.

  • fehim yamak calgav

    My name is Fehim Calgav. I was born on January 19, 1969, and I am 1.76 meters tall. I am the son of Sema Calgav and Yaşar Calgav. Our family originates from the Lausanne Exchange of Populations. There is no Georgian ancestry in our family tree; we are a true exchange family. I started my education at Feyzullah Primary School. I attended Maltepe High School for middle school and completed my high school education in the 2nd year of Maltepe High School. I come from a family tradition of naval officers. Our family consists of Yaşar Calgav, Sema Calgav, and three siblings: my sisters Özlem Calgav Güngör and Özden Calgav Uçar, and myself. Contact: red.lion.king.fehim.calgav@gmail.com

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