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Basic Aquifer Types
Free (Unconfined) Aquifers: These are aquifers whose upper part is open to atmospheric pressure and is not covered by an impermeable layer. The water level (water table) can rise and fall depending on precipitation.
They are generally shallow.
Confined (Imprisoned) Aquifers: These are aquifers that are trapped between two impermeable or very slightly permeable (aquitard) layers and hold water under pressure higher than atmospheric pressure. Water can spontaneously surface (artesian) when drilling is done in these aquifers.
Perched Aquifers: These are smaller, localized aquifers that accumulate above the main groundwater table, on an impermeable lens or layer. They are usually found on slopes or within vadose (unsaturated) zones.
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Other Classifications and Characteristics
Aquifers can also be classified according to the characteristics of the water they store or their geological structure:
Seeping Aquifers: A type formed when the layer above or below the confined aquifer is not completely impermeable and allows a small amount of water to pass through.
Karstic Aquifers: Systems formed in soluble rocks such as limestone, which transmit water through caves and cracks.
Fractured Rock Aquifers: Environments where bedrock with fractured or fractured structures (granite, basalt, etc.) retains water.
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Structures According to Aquifer Productivity
Aquifer: A material that stores and transmits water (sand, gravel, karst limestone).
Aquitard: A layer that can transmit water but has low economic efficiency because it does so very slowly (clay, silt).
Aquifuge: Non-porous rocks that do not contain or transmit water (granite)
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